Radon

Definition

Radon is a naturally occurring element found in a gaseous state in rocks and soil.¹ Radon exists in certain types of geologic formations. The EPA has a radon map and most states have their own maps of where radon is likely to exist underground.  Here is an example of California’s radon map, where we have only a few areas with high risk of radon.  In Wisconsin, 1:10 homes have high levels of radon. The Wisconsin Department of Health Services has some excellent information, including a quick video, on radon. Other states may vary.

Radon Exposures

Radon can enter homes through cracks in walls, basements and through other openings in home foundations. Although it can be found anywhere outside due to its natural origin, the amount that can be trapped indoors can lead to dangerous levels that affect health.¹ Most of your risk from radon in water comes from radon released into the air when water is used for showering and other household purposes.

Health Impact

Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States. It is the leading cause of lung cancer for non-smokers. Exposure to radon causes no immediate symptoms, but the long-term threat of lung cancer caused by radioactive particles trapping in the lungs is a risk to anyone who is chronically exposed. ¹ ²

Steps for Prevention and Remediation ¹ ²

Radon has been found in high amounts in homes in every state. If you are in an area of risk, testing is the only way to know if radon is a problem in your home. Radon testing is low cost ($17-$27), and it can save your life. Contact your state radon program to find qualified professionals to help navigate how to address radon issues in your home.

  • If you have questions about your radon risk, refer to your state’s radon program.
  • If your house is located in a radon risk area, then it should be tested for radon exposures.
Reference List

1. American Lung Association. Radon. Available at: https://www.lung.org/clean-air/indoor-air/indoor-air-pollutants/radon. Accessed July 5, 2024.

2. US EPA. Health Risks of Radon. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/radon/health-risk-radon. Accessed july 5, 2024.

Combustion

Combustion, the process of burning fuels for energy, is used in two-thirds of US households for heating, cooking, and drying, emitting pollutants like carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide, which can cause both immediate irritation and long-term health issues such as lung disease and cancer.


Biological Pollutants

Biological pollutants, including mold, pests, and animal dander, originate from sources like people, pets, and plants, and can cause allergic reactions, respiratory issues, and infectious illnesses in the home.


Volatile Organic Compounds

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), emitted from household items like cleaners, paints, and furnishings, are often found in higher concentrations indoors and can cause immediate health issues like irritation and headaches, as well as long-term damage to the kidney, liver, and central nervous system.


Lead

Lead is a toxic heavy metal found in household paint, dust, soil, and water, particularly in homes built before 1978. Exposure can cause acute effects like seizures and anemia, and chronic effects such as cognitive impairments, reproductive complications and irreversible nervous system damage, especially in children.


Current Page: Radon

Radon is a naturally occurring gas that can enter homes through cracks in walls and foundations, leading to dangerous indoor levels. It is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the U.S. and the leading cause among non-smokers, necessitating testing and remediation in high-risk areas.


Asbestos

Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral fiber used for its strength and heat resistance in building materials and products. When disturbed, asbestos fibers can be released into the air, leading to serious lung diseases such as lung cancer, mesothelioma, and asbestosis.


Pesticides

Pesticides are toxic chemicals used in various forms like sprays and powders, and are found in 75% of U.S. households. These chemicals, including insecticides and rodenticides, can pose health risks, so it is crucial to assess specific products and their associated hazards.


Flame Retardants

Flame retardants are chemicals used to slow or prevent the spread of fire in various household products. These substances, which can persist in the environment and accumulate in the body, may cause health issues such as endocrine disruption, cognitive impairments, respiratory problems, and increased cancer risk.